The Amalfi Coast is 270 km south of Rome, about 3 hours by coach, or 2.5 hours by train to Salerno then a connecting bus. The coast road (SS163) is spectacular and notorious, narrow, winding, exposed cliff edges, buses that take up the full road width. You cannot DIY this comfortably from Rome in a day without a car. Tours are the practical option.
The train gets you to Salerno, not the coast. From Salerno you need a bus (SITA) to get to Amalfi and Positano, and the buses are irregular, often full, and the coast road is slow. Without a car, the coach tour is the reliable option. Land-based tours vs boat tours is the real choice, they offer very different experiences of the same coastline. Browse tours →
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Amalfi town is the main settlement, the cathedral (Duomo di Sant'Andrea) is the focal point, and the paper museum (Museo della Carta) is a genuine curiosity if you've never seen handmade cotton rag paper made. Positano is more scenic, more crowded, and more of a fashion destination, you can buy the lemon-themed ceramics everywhere.